Market analysts said that subjecting the transaction to a sudden tax would only serve to drive away foreign investors and weaken confidence in the market, especially since it was announced after the takeover deal was sealed. The number of proposed tax hikes has since shrunk, and this latest capital tax fumble creates a foggier climate at a time when investors and economists are famished for clarity. A flurry of proposed taxes introduced in late December was swiftly suspended after facing considerable and instantaneous public backlash. The government collected about LE170 billion in taxes during the 2011/12 fiscal year.įor the current government, taxes have been an equally beleaguered issue.
Tax revenues account for about 70 percent of the state budget, according to the tax authority. Shortcomings persist, and many think more progressive taxation must be put in place, along with placing a heavier burden on the wealthy rather than the less fortunate. The main selling point peddled by the Egyptian Tax Authority was to start off on a clean slate with an underlying assumption of “you trust us, and we’ll trust you.” But while the tax authority did manage to increase its tax revenues in the following years, the system was never dramatically overhauled. When it was somewhat reformed under former Prime Minster Ahmed Nazif’s Cabinet, and corporate taxes were lowered, a nationwide campaign set out to fasten a friendly face on the tax system, along with its collectors and auditors. In Egypt’s case, evasion was rampant to the point of becoming commonplace, driven mainly by what was generally seen as unduly hefty corporate taxes. Taxes are arguably not the most favorite part of doing business among investors. It did little to help assure investors that their transactions have a secure pathway, as opposed to one dotted with potential pitfalls. The initial decision to levy a capital gains tax on shareholders, when in fact it was never announced when such a tax would come into effect, caused justifiable alarm among investors who are already fighting off heightened wariness when it comes to Egypt’s turbulent political landscape and uncertain economic future.
#SLAPDASH EXAMPLES UPDATE#
I plan to update it to a newer version soon and that update should bring in a bunch of new word senses for many words (or more accurately, lemma).It is also supposed to set the scene, along with a number of other contentious measures relating to subsidies, for a much-delayed US$4.8 billion loan from the International Monetary Fund.
#SLAPDASH EXAMPLES CODE#
Special thanks to the contributors of the open-source code that was used in this project: the UBY project (mentioned above), and express.js.Ĭurrently, this is based on a version of wiktionary which is a few years old. I simply extracted the Wiktionary entries and threw them into this interface! So it took a little more work than expected, but I'm happy I kept at it after the first couple of blunders. The researchers have parsed the whole of Wiktionary and other sources, and compiled everything into a single unified resource. That's when I stumbled across the UBY project - an amazing project which needs more recognition. However, after a day's work wrangling it into a database I realised that there were far too many errors (especially with the part-of-speech tagging) for it to be viable for Word Type.įinally, I went back to Wiktionary - which I already knew about, but had been avoiding because it's not properly structured for parsing. This caused me to investigate the 1913 edition of Websters Dictionary - which is now in the public domain. I initially started with WordNet, but then realised that it was missing many types of words/lemma (determiners, pronouns, abbreviations, and many more).
The dictionary is based on the amazing Wiktionary project by wikimedia. And since I already had a lot of the infrastructure in place from the other two sites, I figured it wouldn't be too much more work to get this up and running. I had an idea for a website that simply explains the word types of the words that you search for - just like a dictionary, but focussed on the part of speech of the words. Both of those projects are based around words, but have much grander goals. For those interested in a little info about this site: it's a side project that I developed while working on Describing Words and Related Words.
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